The Difficult Problem of the Unemployed

Unemployment in the US stood at 9.6 percent lasthis frustrating experience of trying for six months
month. That was considerably higher thanto hire workers. He complained that potential
expected when the fledgling Obama administrationemployees come in for interviews only to have
economic team projected in January 2009 thathim sign off on the required state form indicating
unemployment would go no higher than 8 percent.that they had applied for work.
The number of underemployed in the US --Congress has extended unemployment benefits
defined as those unemployed plus those workingto the long-term unemployed for up to 99 weeks
part-time but wanting full-time work -- is evenin some states, and there is legislation currently
higher. Gallup polling estimates ofbefore Congress that would extend
underemployment have ranged between 18 andunemployment even longer, to 119 weeks --
20 percent throughout 2010.more than 2 years. At least in some locations,
With private employment increasing --albeit tepidlycould long-term unemployment benefits be
-- through most of this year, the picture seemscontributing to the problem of the long-term
finally to be improving. Slowly. The question I'munemployed? Perhaps.
struggling with today is what about the recordThe solution to unemployment is a complex one.
number of the long-term unemployed? Of anHigh unemployment and tight credit reduce the
estimated 15 million unemployed in the US, andemand for goods and services. And with demand
estimated 7 million have been unemployed forfor many goods and services down, employers
more than six months, nearly 5 million for moreare hesitant to invest capital and hire new
than a year, and more than 1 million for twoworkers. Legislation passed or on track for
years. Long-term unemployment is now at thepassage by the Congress includes unemployment
highest levels since the government startedbenefits extensions in states with high
keeping unemployment statistics in 1948.unemployment, small business loans and improved
The problem of long-term unemployment is madesmall business access to capital, and investment
much worse because of the reality that manytax credits that should promote small business
good jobs are simply not coming back, andinvestments in plant and equipment. Ben
declines in home prices make it difficult to moveBernanke, chairman of the Federal Reserve,
to where the jobs are for many of thenoted in a July 2010 speech that over the past
unemployed. Add to that, crushing consumer debttwo years about $40 billion worth of capital has
and the flight of small business capital, and youbeen withdrawn from US small businesses, and
have a veritable "perfect storm" that has resultedfixing the problem should be "front and center
in chronic, long-term joblessness.among our current policy challenges."
I just watched a CNN report that included anUnfortunately, because of the severity of the
intriguing interview with an entrepreneur, a paperrecession that officially began in 2007, and
tube manufacturer, in Wayne, NJ. He was askedaccelerated through 2008 and into 2009, the
what the government could do to help smallbottom line is that economic recovery proceeds
business expand operations and hire moreat a pace that will only very slowly help put laid
workers. His response was that they could limitoff workers back in jobs. It's just going to take
the number of unemployment benefit extensionstime.
available to the unemployed and then recounted