| Joint copyright can be a dangerous trap for | | | | single program. |
| businesses. Disputes over joint copyright issues | | | | Joint copyright can significantly impact the value |
| are often expensive, fact intensive and it is | | | | of the work. This is one of the reasons why |
| difficult to prove ownership. Several recent cases | | | | many IP lawyers view it negatively. If someone is |
| highlight problems that can surface when joint | | | | held to be a joint copyright owner they probably |
| copyright arises - for example the recent case of | | | | will be entitled to royalty payments and will also |
| BUSTED. | | | | have a say in selling the copyright. This impacts |
| In the early 2000's BUSTED was a music group | | | | the value of the copyright because the potential |
| who had several hit singles here in the UK. | | | | buyer or licensor will have to buy or get a licence |
| Recently several members of the band wanted | | | | from each of the owners which is significantly |
| to be added as joint copyright holders so they | | | | more costly and time consuming than dealing with |
| could receive royalty payments. The band | | | | one owner alone. Joint copyright ownership also |
| members were unable to prove their case. | | | | restricts what the other owners can do with their |
| Nevertheless several days of trial were involved | | | | own work. This means that if one party uses the |
| as well as a significant amount of legal fees. | | | | material commercially without the other's consent, |
| Another recent case also showcased the | | | | they would be infringing the other's copyright. |
| difficulties with joint copyright and focused on the | | | | MORAL RIGHTS |
| authorship of the song "A Whiter Shade of Pale." | | | | Another related issue to joint copyright is moral |
| In this case the organist who composed the | | | | rights. This right is separate from copyright |
| organ solo to the song was held to be a joint | | | | ownership. A creator of a work has the right to |
| holder of copyright. This decision illustrates the fine | | | | be identified as such and has the right to object |
| line between contributing to a work and | | | | to derogatory treatment of the work. As with |
| co-authoring a work. | | | | copyright ownership each contributor could have |
| WHAT IS JOINT COPYRIGHT? | | | | moral rights in the work unless they have signed |
| When there is more than one author or creator | | | | an employee contract or another agreement |
| of a work each owns a joint copyright. Basically it | | | | where they waive their rights. |
| can be a problem for any business which | | | | HOW TO AVOID DISPUTES: |
| generates copyrighted works where there has | | | | The best way to avoid litigation later on is to |
| been collaboration. | | | | decide copyright and moral right matters early on. |
| In general, employers own works that are | | | | It is best to make an agreement before the |
| created by their employees but this is not true | | | | project starts which addresses the question of |
| with work done by contractors of freelancers. In | | | | ownership and rights to use of the end product. |
| that case agreement on copyright ownership is | | | | An agreement should always clearly address the |
| done through contract. Employers should beware | | | | nature and extent of each party's contribution |
| of copyright ownership disputes when engaging | | | | along with copyright ownership and moral rights. |
| staff and freelancers by using appropriate terms. | | | | Each person who works or collaborates on the |
| The issue of joint copyright often arises in the | | | | project should sign it. |
| publishing industry where such collaborations are | | | | It is also important to keep detailed records of |
| common. For example one writer will write | | | | how the work progresses and who contributed |
| several chapters in a book and someone else will | | | | what. These records will be extremely useful later |
| edit the same chapters and write several more | | | | on if a suit does arise. After the work is finished it |
| chapters. In this case the writers would be joint | | | | is also ideal if all contributors sign the records to |
| copyright holders over the whole book. This | | | | confirm that they agree with the account in the |
| situation is also commonly found in the software | | | | records. |
| industry where a group of people contribute to a | | | | |