Employment Law - Express and Implied Terms - Education

The case of Luke v Stoke-On-Trent City Counciltimes she had been ready and willing to do the
[2006], involved an employee who had beenonly work that she had been contractually obliged
employed as a special needs teacher at the localto do, namely her work at the ACE Centre. She
authority's Assessing Continuing Education Pupiltherefore submitted that her wages had been
Referral Unit ("the ACE Centre") since 1996. Theunlawfully deducted within the meaning of Part II
ACE Centre was the only one of its kindof the Employment Rights Act 1996.
operated by the local authority, and under theThe tribunal dismissed the employee's claim. It
terms of her contract of employment ("the ACEfound that the local authority had reasonably
Contract"), the employee was required to workreached the conclusion that her return to work at
at the ACE centre for 12 and three quarter hoursthe ACE Centre was unworkable in the light of
per week.her refusal to accept the conclusions of the
From April 2003, the employee had a separateinvestigator or the terms of the proposed action
contract of engagement with the local authorityplan. In those circumstances, despite the express
governing the terms of her appointment at aterms of the ACE Contract, there had been an
different unit. Problems arose between theimplied term of the contract permitting the local
employee and the head teacher of the ACEauthority to require her to work at a location,
Centre. Between October 2002 and April 2003,other than that specified in the contract, provided
the employee was absent due to ill health. Shethat the employee suffered no detriment.
alleged that she had been the victim of bullyingHowever this could only happen whilst a long term
and harassment by the head teacher of the ACEsolution to the question of her return to work at
Centre.the ACE Centre was being resolved.
The local authority commissioned an independentThe employee appealed.
investigator to examine the employee'sThe issue which fell to be determined before the
complaints. All of the employee's complaints wereEmployment Appeals Tribunal was whether the
dismissed except for one, and the investigatorlocal authority had been contractually entitled to
proposed a return to work action plan designed torequire the employee to work otherwise than at
assist her in resuming her work at the ACEthe ACE Centre.
Centre. The employee indicated that whilst sheThe appeal was dismissed. It was held that where
was willing to take part in the action plan, she wasa written contract clearly defined an employee's
not willing to accept the conclusions drawn by thecontractual duties, the employee ought to be
investigator.entitled to proceed upon the basis that the
The local authority took the stance that theemployee was not obliged to undertake different
action plan would have been unworkable on thatduties. In such situations, the finding of an implied
basis.obligation to undertake work outside the express
On the 13th of June 2003, the local authorityterms of the contract would only have been
formulated a proposal that the employee's returnpermissible in exceptional circumstances. Such
to the ACE Centre would be deferred, perhapsexceptional circumstance being where the
forever. She would be found equivalent hoursrequirement was justified, the work was suitable,
performing similar work within other parts of theand the employee suffered no detriment in terms
authority.of contractual benefits or status due to the
Initially, the employee agreed to that proposal inchange of duties on a temporary basis.
principle but, in August 2003, she indicated thatIn this case, the view adopted by the employee
she found the proposal unacceptable and that shein relation to the conclusions of the investigator
was still intent upon resuming her employment atand the terms of the action plan had given rise to
the ACE Centre. The local authority maintained itssuch exceptional circumstances. The tribunal had
position that the employee's return to work atproperly considered all the relevant factors in
the ACE centre remained unworkable given herreaching its conclusions, and in those
refusal to accept the conclusions of thecircumstances had been entitled to make the
investigator.finding that the ACE Contract contained an implied
Several alternative proposals were suggested byterm entitling the local authority to require the
the local authority which involved the employeeemployee to conduct work outside the scope of
working at sites other than at the ACE Centre.the express terms of the contract.
The proposed alternatives were deemedIf you require further information please contact
unsuitable by the employee, who insisted upon aus at or Visit
return to the ACE Centre. Throughout that© RT COOPERS, 2007. This Briefing Note
period, the employee continued to receivedoes not provide a comprehensive or complete
remuneration under the terms of the ACEstatement of the law relating to the issues
Contract.discussed nor does it constitute legal advice. It is
Finally, on the 11th of February 2004, the localintended only to highlight general issues. Specialist
authority ceased payment of the employee'slegal advice should always be sought in relation to
wages. The employee brought a complaint beforeparticular circumstances.
the employment tribunal alleging that at all material